UT San Antonio Academic Innovation

Ally Issue: The Document Has Tables Without Headers

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Overview

This issue appears when a table in your Word document does not have a header row. Screen readers rely on header rows to announce column names, which helps users understand how information is organized. All tables must include a header row. If the table is being used for layout, replace it with a different structure such as headings, lists, or columns. 

Step 1: Confirm the Table Is a Data Table 

Word tables should only be used for presenting data.
A table is considered a data table when it: 

  • Organizes information into meaningful rows and columns
  • Contains related categories or values
  • Requires column labels for understanding 

If the table is being used only to position or arrange content, it is a layout table, and should be removed. Replace layout tables with: 

  • Headings
  • Paragraph text
  • Lists
  • Columns
  • Spacing tools (margins, indents, or line spacing) 

Step 2: Add a Header Row in Word 

Option 1: If your table is missing a header row entirely, you will need to create one. 

  1. Click the first row of the table.
  2. Go to the Table Design tab.
  3. Insert a header row above the first row:
    • Select Add Row Above (or Insert > Insert Rows Above).
  4. Type descriptive header text for each corresponding column so the purpose of the data is clear.
  5. With the header row selected:
    • Check the Header Row box in the Table Design tab.
    • Then go to the Layout tab and select Repeat Header Rows.

This ensures the header row is recognized by screen readers and repeats on multi page tables. 

Option 2: If your table already has a header row but Word is not recognizing it. 

  1. With the header row selected:
    1. Check the Header Row box in the Table Design tab.
    2. Then go to the Layout tab and select Repeat Header Rows. 

This ensures the header row is recognized by screen readers and repeats on multi page tables. 

Step 3: Reminder for Accessible Tables 

To maintain accessible tables: 

  • Do not merge cells
  • Do not leave blank cells
  • Keep the structure simple and logical
  • Break up overly large or complex tables into smaller tables
  • Place a short caption above the table (for example, “Table 1. Enrollment by semester”) 

Captions and simple structure help readers understand what the table shows and support screen reader navigation. 

Step 4: Review the Table for Accessibility 

  1. Go to the Review tab.
  2. Select Check Accessibility or Accessibility Assistant.
  3. Confirm that:
    • The header row is recognized
    • There are no merged or blank cells
    • The reading order is correct 

Step 5: Export Correctly 

  1. Save your document. 
  2. When exporting to PDF, use our Saving Word and PowerPoint (PPT) Files to PDF Guide for a more accessible PDF export.

Support

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